Today is November 2nd. On this day in the year 2000, the first habitable crew arrived at the International Space Station (ISS). This was called Campaign 1. It ushered in a new era of international cooperation in space and marked the beginning of the longest continuous human stay in low Earth orbit, which continues to this day.
The space agencies of the United States, Russia, Canada, Japan and Europe agreed to cooperate on the ISS in 1998. Their first pieces were launched into orbit that same year. Five space shuttle flights and two unmanned Russian flights delivered several of its major parts.
In several rounds only different parts of the ISS were installed.
After this, the space station was partially assembled. Two Russians, Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev, along with NASA’s Bill Shepard, were selected as the Expedition-1 crew. The three arrived at the ISS aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket launched from Kazakhstan.
The first crew built the ISS
Unlike all subsequent missions, the tasks of Mission 1 consisted mainly of the construction and installation of various parts of the space station and the activation of others. Sometimes it’s easier said than done. It took more than a day for the crew to activate one of the food heating devices on the station.
Subsequently, many pieces of equipment were delivered by drones.
Throughout its stay in space, two unmanned Russian rockets and three space shuttle missions visited and resupplied much-needed equipment. One of them carried photovoltaic arrays and huge solar panels, which provide the station with most of its electricity.
Two astronauts used to circle the Earth 15 times a day.
Shepherd, Gidzenko and Krikalev became the first humans to spend the most time in low orbit, circling the Earth about 15.5 times a day and at least twice a day to overcome muscle problems caused by the low gravity.
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Until now people continue to visit the space center.
On March 10, the space shuttle Discovery brought three new astronauts to relieve Expedition 1, which returned to Earth at the Kennedy Space Center on March 21. Since then, humans have been living continuously on the ISS and there are plans to remain there until at least 2030. 236 people from 18 countries visited the station and several new modules were added, many of which are intended for biology research, physics, the feasibility of future human space travel and other areas.
Also read: When the Earth was first photographed from space, the circular horizon was visible
important events
On November 2, 1783, General George Washington bid farewell to his army after the American Revolutionary War.
On November 2, 1984, Velma Barfield became the first woman to be executed in the United States since 1962.
On November 2, 1999, the United Nations and United States centers in Islamabad, Pakistan, were attacked with rockets by unknown assailants.
Jimmy Carter, Nobel Peace Prize winner in 2002 and former Democratic governor of Georgia, was elected 39th president of the United States on this day in 1976.
